Limited evidence exists in current medical literature to support certain whiplash treatment methods over others. Aside from a consensus on staying active (if possible), many treatment options appear to come down to the patient’s unique situation and symptoms, as well as preference. For most people, whiplash results in mild ligament sprains and/or muscle strains that heal within a few days or weeks.
Whiplash is diagnosed by a clinician when the patient reports some neck pain in the aftermath of trauma capable of causing an acceleration-deceleration injury – most commonly a motor vehicle accident. However, the specifics of a whiplash diagnosis can be complex and have long been the subject of controversy. In the mid-and late-1800s, there were increasingly common disputes regarding train passengers injured in collisions and whether their claims of the mysterious “railway spine” were legitimate.
For some people, whiplash symptoms can be so minor that they go away within a couple of days. For others, the symptoms can become varied and chronic, ranging from severe pain to cognitive and emotional problems. Whiplash symptoms might manifest immediately following the acceleration-deceleration accident, or they can appear in a few hours or days. Oftentimes the exact underlying cause remains unknown for some whiplash symptoms despite today’s best diagnostic techniques.
Whiplash occurs when the neck and head are suddenly forced backward and forward, putting the cervical spine through lightning-quick motions and extreme stresses. Most cases of whiplash are caused by car accidents where the person has been rear-ended. Other potential whiplash causes, while comparatively rare, can include assault, bungee jumping, rollercoaster, football, falls while skiing or during equestrian events and other high-impact activities where extreme acceleration-deceleration forces might be applied to the cervical spine.
The pectoralis major is a powerful chest muscle that causes the arm to move forward, rotate inward, and move closer to the body. The muscle originates from the sternum (breastbone) and the clavicle (collarbone). These two sections of the muscle come together into the pectoralis major tendon, which connects the muscles to the upper arm's humerus bone, near the biceps tendon.
Persistent or newly developed pain in the lower back after pregnancy, also known as postpartum back pain, usually lasts for 6 months but may continue up to a decade. Postpartum back pain mostly occurs while performing activities that involve body movements, such as walking, lifting, bending, and carrying the new baby, and may be relieved with rest, exercise, and home treatments. The type and severity of pain depend on the underlying cause.
The treatment of back pain in pregnancy depends on the stage of pregnancy, underlying causes, aggravating factors, and the presence of other medical conditions, such as diabetes or heart problems. Both medical and psychological treatments may be warranted in some cases when the ability to perform daily activities and participate in social events is significantly affected, impairing the quality of life.
The cause of back pain in pregnancy is often considered multifactorial, meaning several factors act concomitantly on various structures in the lower body, causing pain. These factors are commonly recognized as the anatomical, postural, vascular, and hormonal changes that take place naturally during pregnancy. While most of these changes are considered normal, rarely, a few causes of lower back pain in pregnancy may indicate serious conditions, some of which may even be life-threatening.
Pregnant women may experience back pain that is localized to the lower back area or radiates into the buttock, thigh, and legs, causing or mimicking sciatica symptoms. The pain may be constant, get worse with activity, interfere with sleep, and/or reduce overall functioning. While the symptoms usually resolve spontaneously after delivery, some conditions may remain as chronic disorders. Women with pre-existing lower back problems are typically at a higher risk of developing pregnancy-related back pain.
A range of natural biological changes take place in a woman’s body during pregnancy, which directly affects the musculoskeletal system and may become a potential cause of back pain and related issues, such as leg pain. Pregnancy-related changes typically involve the joints and connective tissues, making them loose, pliable, and soft.
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