Epidural injections are commonly used to relieve pain caused by compressed or irritated spinal nerves. This type of pain, often referred to as sciatica or radiculopathy, occurs when a nerve root is pinched, leading to pain and neurological symptoms radiating down the buttocks, legs, or feet.
Common conditions treated with epidural injections include:
- Herniated discs – When the inner contents of a disc push through the outer layers, irritating nearby nerves.
- Degenerative disc disease – When spinal discs lose fluid and shrink, leading to nerve compression.
- Foraminal spinal stenosis – When the openings for spinal nerve roots narrow, causing pain and inflammation.
- Spondylolisthesis – When a vertebra slips forward over the one beneath it.
- Cervical radiculopathy – When nerve irritation in the neck radiates pain down the shoulders, arms, and hands.
How Are Epidural Injections Administered?
During the procedure, you will lie face down while the doctor numbs the injection site with an anesthetic. Using fluoroscopic (X-ray) guidance, the physician carefully inserts a needle into the epidural space—the area around the spinal cord—before injecting a corticosteroid solution. This medication reduces inflammation, alleviating nerve pain.
There are different techniques for administering epidural injections:
- Transforaminal approach – Targets specific nerve roots, offering precise pain relief.
- Interlaminar approach – Administers medication into the back of the epidural space, affecting multiple nerves.
- Caudal approach – Injects medication into the lower sacral region, commonly used for lower back pain.
What to Expect After an Epidural Injection
The effects of an epidural injection can vary from person to person. While some individuals experience immediate relief, others may notice improvements within a few days. The pain relief can last from a few weeks to several months or even years.
Many doctors recommend combining epidural injections with physical therapy to maximize the benefits. Pain relief allows patients to strengthen muscles, improve mobility, and reduce long-term inflammation.
Benefits of Epidural Injections
Epidural injections offer numerous advantages, including:
- Targeted pain relief – Delivers medication directly to the source of pain, providing more effective results than oral medications.
- Reduced dependence on pain medication – May decrease the need for opioids and other prescription pain relievers.
- Improved mobility and function – Allows patients to resume daily activities with less discomfort.
- Delaying or avoiding surgery – Can provide enough relief to prevent the need for invasive spinal surgery.
Potential Risks and Side Effects
Though epidural injections are generally safe, potential risks include:
- Injection-related risks:
- Bleeding
- Infection
- Nerve damage
- Spinal headaches
- Steroid-related side effects:
- Temporary weight gain
- Mood swings or insomnia
- Water retention
- Skin thinning
- Increased blood sugar levels (for diabetic patients)
Is an Epidural Injection Right for You?
Before considering an epidural injection, discuss the following with your doctor:
- How will this treatment benefit my condition?
- What is the expected success rate?
- How long will the relief last?
- How many injections will I need?
- What are the potential risks and side effects?
Conclusion
Epidural steroid injections can provide significant pain relief, improve mobility, and reduce reliance on medications. Often recommended after conservative treatments like physical therapy and medication, these injections help many patients return to an active lifestyle. While results vary, combining them with other therapies can enhance long-term pain management and potentially delay or avoid surgery. At Precision Pain Care & Rehabilitation, our expert physicians can determine if this treatment is right for you.
Precision Pain Care and Rehabilitation has two convenient locations in Richmond Hill – Queens, and New Hyde Park – Long Island. Call the Queens office at (718) 215-1888 or (516) 419-4480 for the Long Island office to arrange an appointment with our Interventional Pain Management Specialists, Dr. Jeffrey Chacko or Dr. Sonny Ahluwalia.
Note: This article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Consult a healthcare professional for personalized recommendations.
